Some facts about India
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| SOS Family Strengthening Programme - photo: D. Sansoni |
The Republic of India is the seventh largest country in the world and the second most populous country; the population is over 1.2 billion (July 2011 est.), with the capital city of New Delhi being home to 21.7 million people. India is a vast and diverse country with many different languages, cultures and religions.
A growing economy that still faces many challenges
In recent decades India has emerged as an increasingly important economic power. Since economic liberalisation started in the 1990s, India's achievements have been astonishing - since 1997 the average growth in gross domestic product (GDP) has been over seven per cent. In 2010, GDP grew further - by over ten per cent. India has a mixed economy - more than half of the population works in agriculture, around 14 per cent in industry and 34 per cent in the service sector.
During the past decade, India has managed to double its hourly wage rate and the number of people who now live above the nationally-defined poverty line has increased. However the benefits from this economic growth have not been shared by all: one in four people continue to live in poverty.
Poverty is located in many areas of India, but it is mostly manifest in rural areas or in urban slums. Rural areas also suffer from poor infrastructure - for example, only 84 per cent of the population has access to clean drinking water and a mere 21 per cent to adequate sanitation facilities. Although around 70 per cent of the population lives in rural areas, the number of people forced to seek work in urban areas is increasing rapidly.
In addition to poverty, India continues to face many challenges, which include overpopulation, environmental problems and widespread corruption. The literacy rate continues to be low - around 73 per cent for men and about 48 per cent for women. The access to quality health care is also a concern. At present the life expectancy rate is relatively low at 65.7 years for men and 67.9 years for women. It is estimated that 2.4 million people live with HIV/AIDS (2009 est.).
Situation of the children in India
There are over 447 million children under the age of 18 in India. In spite of improvements in recent decades, around half of the children of India continue to face many hardships.
Although the health of children has improved of late, UNICEF reports that the lack of adequate health care results in high infant, child and maternal mortality rates. For example, around two million children die every year from preventable diseases, an estimated 400,000 of those under five die every year of diarrhoea. Around half of the deaths of Indian children are due to malnutrition, which is more common in India than in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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| Emergency relief after the tsunami - photo: D. Sansoni |
The school attendance rate is low in India - only 72 per cent of children between the ages of six and ten attend primary school. Child labour is a conspicuous problem, with around 12 per cent of children between the ages of 5 and 14 involved in child labour. Many children are trafficked and forced to work as domestic workers, in factories or prostitution.
As the incidence of HIV/AIDS has risen, the number of children without parental care, or at risk of losing such care, is also increasing. The figure for children with HIV/AIDS is also growing. These children face social discrimination which hampers their efforts to improve their lives.
Girls are in a particularly vulnerable situation as they are more likely to be poor, be homeless or end up as victims of violence. Particularly in rural areas girls do not have adequate access to basic health care, or education. In some states like Bihar, Mizoram, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh, 60 per cent or more of girls drop out of primary education. Child marriages are also common: 47 per cent of children are married under the age of 18, with the number in rural areas nearly double that of urban ones.
SOS Children's Villages in India
The economic plight, tense political situation and natural disasters which India has endured have led to a particularly intense involvement of SOS Children's Villages in the country. The programmes developed by SOS Children's Villages vary according to the needs of the local population and include: day care for young children; education at SOS Hermann Gmeiner Schools; guidance and accommodation for young people; vocational training and medical advice and assistance. Family-strengthening programmes are an important component of the work carried out: in cooperation with local agencies, SOS Children's Villages works directly with families and communities to empower them to effectively care for their children. When children can no longer stay with their families, they are cared for by their SOS mothers in one of the SOS families.